saliva

The consumption of any amount of alcohol during pregnancy can cause fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). FASD is an umbrella term covering a wide range of exposures from prenatal alcohol exposure, with the most severe outcome termed Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS). However, the spectrum is wide and with no lower …

Michael Wren, Elizabeth Shirtcliff, Stacy Drury Over the last decade there has been substantial advances in salivary biomarker development and diagnostics. Unlike blood draws, saliva collection is noninvasive, inexpensive, and convenient for repeated sampling, making it especially useful for research in vulnerable populations, such as young children, the sick, and …